Identity Property ((A $\oplus$ 0 = A)): XORing any value with zero leaves the value completely unchanged.

Self-Inverse Property ((A $\oplus$ A = 0)): XORing any value with itself always results in zero.

Commutative Property ((A $\oplus$ B = B $\oplus$ A)): The order of the operands does not change the outcome.

Associative Property (((A $\oplus$ B) $\oplus$ C = A $\oplus$ (B $\oplus$ C))): Grouping order does not matter when chaining multiple XOR operations